This book was published about four decades ago and was quickly forgotten. And yet, there are reasons why we should go back to this book in the present era. This is a period-document which shows the critical thinking of a particular age in the cultural history of Bengal. There was a time, about half a century ago, when the leaders of the Bengal Renaissance, Rabindranath included, came under serious challenge, and this book takes us back to those days. It may not be necessary to agree with all the contentions placed in this book, but it is nonetheless necessary to keep us informed of the developments that took place in those days. It is with this aim in mind that this book is republished.